Donald Trump’s sweeping victory within the U.S. presidential election has set the stage for this yr’s APEC summit in Peru.
A minimum of 14 leaders have thus far confirmed their attendance on the leaders’ summit in Lima from November 15-16. China’s Xi Jinping, Japan’s new Prime Minister Ishiba Shigeru, and Canada’s Justin Trudeau will all be in Peru – as will New Zealand’s Prime Minister Christopher Luxon.
Peru is a very enthusiastic Asia-Pacific Financial Cooperation (APEC) discussion board member and is internet hosting occasions for the third time because it joined in 1998. The 2024 assembly shares one necessary parallel with earlier APEC gatherings held in Peru in 2008 and 2016: it’ll instantly comply with a U.S. election that introduced a brand new president into the White Home.
Trump’s overwhelming win and the financial plans for his upcoming time period – which embody basic world tariffs of 10-20 p.c, with a 60 p.c tariff on Chinese language items – will invariably dominate sideline conversations all through APEC leaders’ week.
For New Zealand, APEC is likely to be the start of a rethink of its wider strategy that has sought to align Wellington extra intently with Washington. The shift has introduced New Zealand to the cusp of becoming a member of Pillar II of the AUKUS protection pact, which presently entails Australia, the UK, and america.
Trump’s return to the White Home could imply every part is now again on the desk.
A yr after taking workplace, Luxon has but to go to China – and neither has Winston Peters, New Zealand’s international minister. Peters can also be anticipated at APEC, as is Chinese language International Minister Wang Yi. It is going to be attention-grabbing to see how the New Zealand ministers work together with their Chinese language counterparts throughout their time in Peru.
For China, New Zealand’s greatest buying and selling companion, APEC might be an opportunity to showcase an alternate and really a lot pro-trade imaginative and prescient. Whereas in Peru, Xi is ready to inaugurate a brand new Chinese language-backed megaport in Chancay, some 80 kilometers north of Lima.
Chancay might be a gamechanger for Peru, however its impression will even be felt additional afield. From opening, the port will be capable to accommodate new megaships carrying as much as 18,000 twenty-foot equal container models (TEUs). Future growth will improve capability to 24,000 TEUs. For comparability, the biggest container ship ever to name in New Zealand carried 11,294 TEUs. The intention is for Chancay to grow to be a transhipment hub for a lot of Latin America.
For New Zealand, the brand new “go large or go residence” mentality of world transport might be a serious alternative to grow to be a brand new air, sea, and companies hub. In 2021, a report for the New Zealand China Council estimated the direct financial advantages of a possible “Southern Hyperlink,” profiting from New Zealand’s location midway between Asia and Latin America, might complete NZ$1.87 billion over its first decade.
Again in Lima, APEC’s 35th anniversary summit is an opportunity for some reflection. In opposition to a backdrop of geopolitical polarization, the bloc’s uncommon inclusivity (a product of post-Chilly Warfare optimism) is now a serious promoting level. The group’s 21 members from across the Pacific Rim embody each China and Taiwan, together with Japan, Russia, and america.
The pay-off from APEC has been substantial for Wellington. Collectively, APEC economies represent 38 p.c of the world’s inhabitants and greater than 60 p.c of world GDP.
Arguably, the most important single success has been the Complete and Progressive Settlement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), a free commerce deal between 11 nations which can be all additionally APEC members. The CPTPP had its origins in bilateral talks held between Singapore and New Zealand on the sidelines of the APEC gathering in Auckland in 1999. Chile and Brunei then made it the P4, earlier than different APEC members got interested, finally resulting in the CPTPP that entered into pressure in 2018.
For New Zealand, the CPTPP has opened up historically protectionist markets equivalent to Canada and Japan. It additionally virtually gave New Zealand profitable free commerce entry to america – however Donald Trump withdrew from the pact upon first taking workplace in 2017.
APEC has additionally helped smaller members like New Zealand to construct stronger ties with Latin America. Mexico, Chile, and Peru all joined APEC within the Nineteen Nineties, earlier than a moratorium on new members put a halt to additional growth. All three are additionally within the CPTPP.
However as APEC begins in Peru, there’s a sense that New Zealand’s ties with Latin America have by no means fairly lived as much as their full potential. Whereas New Zealand enjoys NZ$3 billion value of two-way commerce with the area, only a single direct airlink connects the 2 continents – a six-weekly flight to Chile from Latam Airways. A brief-lived second service from Air New Zealand to Argentina was suspended in 2020 and by no means resurfaced after the pandemic.
On the political degree, New Zealand’s deal with Latin America has been inconsistent. On the optimistic facet, New Zealand turned an observer to the “Pacific Alliance” grouping of Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru in 2012 and started negotiations on a free commerce settlement with the bloc in 2017. And when Peru final hosted APEC in 2016, New Zealand might be relied upon to ship ministers and officers to key conferences of commerce and finance ministers that come earlier within the full-year calendar of APEC occasions.
This time round, Land Info Minister Chris Penk was dispatched to Might’s commerce ministers’ gathering – and apparently no New Zealand minister in any respect went to the finance ministers’ meeting held final month.
The obvious lowered dedication thus far in 2024 is considerably disappointing, particularly since New Zealand itself is aware of how necessary APEC will be. A founding member since 1989, Wellington itself final hosted APEC in 2021 and pulled out all of the stops to make the occasion a hit, regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic forcing a swap to a digital format.
Then there’s final month’s unlucky closure of the Latin America Middle of Asia-Pacific Excellence (CAPE) – New Zealand’s solely actual heart of educational functionality for the continent. The choice to close the Latin America CAPE was made by the outgoing Labor Authorities in 2023. However the transfer was not reversed by Luxon’s center-right coalition, regardless that it was a Nationwide Occasion-led authorities that had established the middle in 2017.
Extra optimistically, New Zealand is no less than planning to attend in full pressure in Lima this month.
Along with Luxon and Peters, Commerce Minister Todd McClay can also be anticipated in Peru. For all three ministers, APEC might be an opportunity to satisfy extra of their counterparts. And for the prime minister, an opportunity to shake arms with China’s Xi Jinping beckons.
Luxon has made infrastructure a key focus of his home program. On the worldwide degree, the brand new alternatives from the Southern Hyperlink proposal and the Chancay port might be engaging. Instantly previous to APEC, McClay is leading a commerce delegation to the China Worldwide Import Expo (CIIE) in Shanghai.
By way of Latin America, the Peru journey will complement a go to by McClay to Brazil in October, when the commerce minister attended a G-20 commerce and funding ministerial meeting as an invited visitor. Elsewhere in Brazil, McClay was accompanied by Auckland mayor Wayne Brown, who promoted the Southern Hyperlink idea and the thought of a brand new flight by way of Auckland linking São Paulo with China.
Trump’s complete U.S. election victory might be firmly on the minds of leaders who’re heading to Peru. As Trump appears set to steer america in a extra protectionist route, this yr’s APEC might be a reminder that there are many worthwhile choices to do enterprise elsewhere.
APEC might unlock a world of recent and thrilling alternatives, significantly in the case of New Zealand’s ties with Latin America. The summit in Peru might additionally see Wellington reenergize its engagement with Beijing.
And as Trump prepares to re-enter the White Home, it might additionally immediate a reassessment of New Zealand’s general international coverage trajectory.
This text was initially revealed by the Democracy Project, which goals to reinforce New Zealand’s democracy and public life by selling vital considering, evaluation, debate, and engagement in politics and society.
